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Guideline
for Preparing a Vulnerability Analysis
for Correctional Facilities (cont.)
Equipment, Information, and Weapons
Identify:
- location of vital equipment rooms, e.g., electrical
power sources, communication, information systems, backup
power sources, and medical supplies (drugs)
- location of vital information that could cause a
breach in security or other serious consequences
- location and type of equipment that can be used by
inmates, such as tools and weights
- location and number of weapons available to the COs
- old and outdated equipment and the prospect for future
upgrades
Past/Present/Future Considerations
Identify:
- incidents that have occurred and a detailed model
of how the event occurred
- any intelligence information that indicates any future
activities and how it could be accomplished
- number of inmates and their classification in the
past, present, and future
Defining the Threat
Threat analysis is a study of the types of potential adversaries
and their tactics, potential actions, motivations, and capabilities.
Through this analysis, a facility should be able to match
their security system elements to their needs. When defining
the threat the analyst should identify those threats that
are common to a correctional facility, keeping in mind that
the facility must maintain the safety of the public, staff,
and inmates. The three common security needs that exist in
correctional institutions include preventing inmate violence,
deterring escapes, and deterring the introduction of contraband.
Threat analysis involves a systematic review of the type of
incidents that have occurred not only in the past, but what
is happening today, and what might be expected in the future.
When defining the threat the following list should be considered:
Inmate Violence
Determine or estimate:
- types and classifications of inmates likely to be
involved
- type of violence, whether against another individual,
between gangs (number of subjects), or against the staff
- motivation for the violence
- time of the occurrence and whether day or night
- frequency of occurrence
- severity of the violence
- specific locations (physical room layout) where violence
can and has occurred
- type of weapons used in committing the acts
- historical violence trends and future predictions,
using past records and intelligence information
Escape
For any past incidents and expected future incidents, describe
details of the scenario presented by the inmate(s), including:
- inmate tactics, weapons, escape path, tools used,
transportation, the time of day, and weather
- characteristics of inmate likely to attempt escape
- possibility of inmate(s) acting in collusion with
anyone from the outside and/or staff
- use of deceit, force, and stealth in the attempt
- historical data trends and future predictions, using
past records and intelligence information
Contraband
Determine or estimate:
- type of contraband brought into the facility, i.e.
weapons, drugs, money, and electronic devices
- means by which the contraband introduced into the
facility, i.e. visitor areas, daily deliveries, and staff
- motivation for smuggling contraband
- frequency of contraband smuggling
- how the contraband is packaged
- ownership of the contraband and if it is associated
with a specific group or activity
- whether the contraband is associated with specific
acts of violence or escape
- historical data trends and future predictions, using
past records and intelligence information
Once the threats have been defined, the analyst prioritizes
the types in order of consequence.
These threat activities can be accomplished either individually
or in collusion with someone else. For the purpose of this
guide the insider is defined as anyone who has authorized
and routine access to the facility. This definition includes
administrative staff, COs, inmates, and contractors/vendors
performing normally scheduled activities. When considering
the threat of the insider, several attributes related to knowledge,
access, and authority must be identified.
- All employees are a potential threat. Insiders will
have system knowledge, which gives them an advantage over
other adversaries and makes them more valuable to an inmate.
- Insiders have authorized access to most areas within
the facility and, in some cases, have access to contraband
or physical security systems because of their jobs.
- Under emergency conditions, insiders know where certain
people go, what they do, and what unique vulnerabilities or
opportunities exist.
- Insiders have routine access to contraband and security
systems without causing suspicion.
- Insiders have the same motivations as outsiders.
It cannot be assumed that since a person is an employee that
he or she will be free from greed and dissatisfaction. Insiders
are vulnerable to coercion and cooperation with others.
Outsiders are those persons who attempt to gain access to
the facility but have limited knowledge of the facility, vital
equipment, and policy/procedures. Due to their limited authorization
and area access, visitors to the facility are considered outsiders.
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